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Srimad Anantheshwar Temple, Manjeshwar
Chronology of Events relating to Konkanis and Saraswats

Chronology of Events.

Before 15th Century.

  1.  

1500BC

 

The river saraswathi from where Gowda Saraswaths originated dried up.  This river now extinct was between  the river Yamuna and Shutudri or the Sutlej. The new researchers claim that the ancient kingdom of Mohenjodaro died when the river that sustained it (i.e. Saraswathi) dried up

 

  1.  

700 BC

 

Upanishadic Era

 

  1.  

8th Century*

(701AD - 800AD)

 

Shrimad Anantheshwara Temple, Manjeshwar visited by Viroopaaksha (a pilgrim from Salcette, Southern Goa). The word Salcette here is English form of Sanskrit original Saashashti i.e. a conglomerate of 66 places.

 

  1.  

About 740

Swami Vivarananda founded Kaivalya Mutt Samsthan at Kaushasthali near Keloshi (Goa).  The worshipped deity of this samsthan is Shri Bhavani Shankara

 

Swami Vivarananda was a disciple of Govinda Bhagavathpaada who also initiated  Adi Shankaracharya to sanyas on the banks of river Narmada.  (The term Adi here refers to beginning or first)

 

Govinda Bhagavathpaada  was the disciple of Gaudapada Acharya -- the  profounder of  absolute monism or non-dualism (i.e.  Advaita Siddhanta).  Gaudapadas  principles where later carried on to a large extent by Adi Shankaracharya.

  1.  

788

Adi Shankaracharya (the philosopher of absolute monism or Advaita Siddhanta) born at Kaaladi (Kerala). His profound mission, known as Dig-Vijayam (conquest of all quarters) involved eradication of false doctrines by meticulous care. There is no consensus among the historians of Indian thought about the exact dates of his birth and death. The generally accepted dates (which are also latest among all the probabilistic dates) of Shankara's life span are (788 A.D - 820 A.D). 

  1.  

820

Adi Shankaracharya attained maha-samaadhi at Kedaarnaath (Himalayas) at the age of 32.  His works, apart from writing commentaries on  Vedas and Upanishads included,

  1. Aparokshanubhuti -  (Self Realization)
  2. Atma Bodha - (Self Knowledge)
  3. Bhaja govindham
  4. Dakshinamurti Stotram
  5. Dashashloki
  6. Ganga Asthakam
  7. Kanakadharastotram
  8. Maneesha Panchakam  -  (A small treatise on the doctrine of non-difference)
  9. Moha Mudgaram (shattering of the illusion)
  10. Prabodha Sudhakara -  (The Nectar Ocean of Enlightenment)
  11. Prasnottara Rathna Maalika -  (an account of  many of the problems faced by a seeker of truth, in the form of a series of questions and answers)
  12. Saundarya Lahari  -  (Waves-of-Beauty, in praise of divine mother)
  13. Shivananda Lahiri
  14. Subramanya Bhujangam
  15. Tatva Bodha
  16. Upadesha Sahasri -  (Thousand Teachings)
  17. Vakya Vritti 
  18. Viveka Choodamani - (Crest Jewel of Discrimination)
  19. Nirvana Shatakam
  1.  

1238

Shri Madhvacharya (Dvaitha Siddhantha philosopher) born

  1.  

13th Century

Madhvacharya visited Gomanthak

  1.  

1277

Soira Vittal Bhat  (an astrologer ) founded  Shri Venkatramana Temple at Mulki

  1.  

1293*

Madhvacharya visited Manjeshwar Temple

  1.  

14th Century

Soma Sharma went to Karkal and (with the help of Soira Prabhu) founded Shri Venkatramana Temple by installing the idol brought by him from Tirupathi

  1.  

1318

Madhvacharya passed away. His works included,

 

Brahma Sutra Bashya
Madhwa Vijaya
Dwadesha Stothra

  1.  

15th Century

Division of Uttaraadi Mutt and foundation of Kumbhakonam Mutt

  1.  

1453

Shri Parasurama Damodara Temple founded at Bhatkal

15th Century.
 

1510

Shri Kaathyaayini-Baaneshwar temple founded at Aversaa (Ankola, Karnataka State)

  1.  

25-4-1537

Shri Venkatramana Temple at Karkal renovated by installing the new idol

  1.  

1538

Narasimha Temple founded at Bhatkal by Narasa Kini

  1.  

1539

Shri Vijayeendra Tirtha of Kumbhakonam Mutt Samsthan observed Chaturmasya Vrita in Kochi. Vijayeendra Tirtha persuaded to initiate a saraswath boy to sanyasa. Vijayeendra agreed and the Vatu selected taken to Varanasi for education and initiated to sanyasa by name Yaadavendra (Hence became the first pontiff of Kashi Mutt) .

  1.  

1542

Foundation of Kashi Mutt Samsthan. The worshipped deity of this samsthan is Shri Vedavyasa

  1.  

21-1-1542

Copper plate and Raayasa-pathram issued to Yaadavendra Tirtha by Surendra Thirtha (Guru of Vijayeendra Tirtha)

  1.  

3-2-1542

Raayasa-pathram issued by Surendra Thirtha (Guru of Vijayeendra Tirtha) to Gowda Saraswath Brahmin community

  1.  

1545 / 46

Narayana Temple founded at Bhatkal by Kheth Pai

  1.  

1550

Lakshmi Narayana Temple founded at Bhatkal by Lakkarasa Kamthi

  1.  

1555

Tirumala Temple founded at Bhatkal by Santappa Nayaka

  1.  

1560

Portuguese atrocities started in Goa

  1.  

1564

Kaivalya Mutt Samsthan at Kushasthali destroyed by Portuguese.

 

Decision to shift temples from Saashati province (Goa) to other place taken

  1.  

1565

Virupaksha Narayana Temple founded at Bhatkal by Jeevana Nayaka.

  1.  

1567

Hindu temples demolished in Goa.

  1.  

23-11-1569

Shri Vijayeendra Tirtha of Kumbhakonam Mutt installed the idol of  Ugra-Narasimha at Shri Venkatramana Temple, Mulki on the day of Datta-Jayanthi. Later Maadhavendra Tirtha (7th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) in 18th Century installed the idol of Bindu-Maadhava (the procession deity).

  1.  

1583

Rama Bhat  (later Keshavendra Tirtha- second pontiff Kashi Mutt Samsthan) born

  1.  

1590

Raghunath Temple founded at Bhatkal by Bala Kini

  1.  

30-3-1599

Sudhindra Tirtha of Kumbhakonam Mutt installed the idol in Kochi Tirumala Devasvom
16th Century.
 
  1.  

17th Century

Venkatesh Bhat founded Shri Venkatramana Temple at Katapadi by installing the idol of  Venkatramana Swamy sahitha Sridevi-Bhudevi along with idol of Shri Anantha Shayana Swamy as uthsavmoorthy given by Upendra Tirtha (third pontiff, Kashi Mutt).

  1.  

1603

Shri Venkatesha Temple founded in Honnavar

  1.  

12-5-1606

Jog Mallya s/o  Bhatkal Anantha Mallya donated Shri Tirumala Temple in Bhatkal to Yadavendra Tirtha(first pontiff, Kashi Mutt)

  1.  

22-6-1608

Yaadavendra Tirtha (first pontiff, Kashi Mutt)  passed away at Bhatkal

  1.  

1629

Hanumantha Bhat (later Yaadavendra Tirtha II -- 4th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) born

  1.  

1646

Narayana Bhat (later Raghavendra Tirtha 5th pontiff, Kashi Mutt and shishya of Upendra Tirtha - 3rd pontiff, Kashi Mutt) born

  1.  

27-2-1670

Keshavendra Tirtha (2nd pontiff, Kashi Mutt)  passed away at Basrur

  1.  

September 1670*

Somashekara Nayak I of Keladi (a kingdom which once stretched along the entire seacoast from Goa to Malabar was founded by Chowdappa Nayaka in 1499AD in Malnad area of Karnataka) endowed  land at Bangar (this place was on the upper portion of Mangalore) and Manchi (near Puttur taluk of South Kanara district)  for the performance of  Brahmana Santarpane  (i.e. Brahmana Bhojana feeding devotees free of cost) and Nandaa deepthi at Manjeshwar Temple

  1.  

1674*

Raghavendra Tirtha (5th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) established Kashi Mutt at Manjeshwar

  1.  

24-10-1674

Upendra Tirtha (3rd pontiff, Kashi Mutt and 1st shishya of Keshavendra Tirtha - 2nd pontiff, Kashi Mutt) passed away in Varanasi

  1.  

1685*

Queen Chennamaji (w/o Somashekara Nayak I ) who ruled Keladi for 25 years from 1671 to 1696 endowed the government income procured via the collection of tax at the ports of Manjeshwar and Kumbla for the performance  of Brahmana Santarpane (i.e. Brahmana Bhojana feeding devotees free of cost), Rathothsavam and Nandaa deepthi at Manjeshwar Temple.  

 

This tax income was 800 varaha gold coins (one varaha is number equivalent to 4 rupees so the tax income at the Manjeshwar and Kumbla ports was 3600 rupees at that time)

  1.  

1699

Shri Venkatramana Temple at Karkal renovated for the second time
17th Century.
 
  1.  

1703*

Kodagas looted Shri Maha Maya Temple (Kuladevatha of family of Impersonators of holy Oracle -- MANJESHWAR DEVDARSHAN -- at Manjeshwar ) in Mangalore

  1.  

15-9-1711

Yaadavendra Tirtha II  (4th pontiff, Kashi Mutt and 2nd shishya of Keshavendra Tirtha - 2nd pontiff, Kashi Mutt) passed away in Hemmady

  1.  

1719

Devendra Tirtha (6th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) and Maadhavendra Tirtha (7th pontiff, Kashi Mutt)  conducted renovation-reinstallation ceremony at Kochi Tirumala Devaswom

  1.  

15-2-1725

Raghavendra Tirtha (5th pontiff, Kashi Mutt and shishya of Upendra Tirtha - 3rd pontiff, Kashi Mutt) passed away in Varanasi

  1.  

1727

Tirumala Devasvom founded at Ernakulam

  1.  

21-9-1734

A sanad (letter of authority by which one gets the right to travel with paraphernalia in a particular kingdom and due care to be taken thereof  by the administrative officers of the kingdom for ensuring safety of travel and stay) issued to Devendra Tirtha (6th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) by Somashekara Nayaka II of Keladi

  1.  

1742

Maadhavendra Tirtha (7th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) installed the idol in Shri Varadaraja Venkatramana Temple at Gurpur, South Kanara

  1.  

1755*

Ali Sultan of Arakkal House, Cannanore (Kerala) along with Tulagee Angria (s/o Conaajee Angria) from Maharashtra looted Manjeshwar temple in January 1755 by bringing their army in ships. However, the planned proceedings about this attack leaked in advance little early as December 1754. Hence on 14th day of Dark Fortnight (i.e Krishna Paksha or Bahula) of Maargashira the majority of movable valuables was concealed to safer place. However, these attackers still carried away the remaining valuables.

  1.  

1763

Tirumala Devasvom founded at Shertalli

  1.  

10-3-1773

Yaadavendra Tirtha III (9th pontiff, Kashi Mutt and second  shishya of Maadhavendra Tirtha -- 7th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) passed away prematurely at Honnavar when his guru  Maadhavendra Tirtha was still alive. Similarly, Jnanendra Tirtha (8th pontiff, Kashi Mutt and first  shishya of Maadhavendra Tirtha -- 7th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) also had passed away prematurely at Naasik somewhere between 1746 and 1773. These incidents finally resulted initiation of third shishya, Upendra Tirtha II (10th pontiff, KashiMutt)

  1.  

1-8-1775

Maadhavendra Tirtha  (7th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) entered Jeevantha Samadhi at Walkeshwar, Mumbai

  1.  

4-1-1778

Sureendra Tirtha (12th pontiff, Kashi Mutt and first shishya of Rajendra Tirtha -- 11th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) born. The details of Vishnu Tirtha (13th pontiff, Kashi Mutt and second shishya of Rajendra Tirtha -- 11th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) are not much available except that he attained Jala Samadhi at Banaras

  1.  

21-3-1782

Vibhudendra Tirtha (14th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) born

  1.  

2-12-1791

Upendra Tirtha II (10th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) passed away in Varanasi

  1.  

1794

Narasimha Domba Hegde (Raja of Vittal, South Kanara who led the plundering of Manjeshwar Temple in 1799) fled to Tellicherri (Kerala) and joined hands with British to overcome his enemy Tippu Sultan

  1.  

29-10-1798

Sumatheendra Tirtha (14th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) born

  1.  

1799*

As soon as the 4th Mysore war broke, which resulted in the demise of  Tippu Sultan around noon of 4th May 1799, Narasimha Domba Hegde, Raja of Vittal (South Kanara) who was till then Tellicherry with British returned to his place and soon looted Manjeshwar Temple over the issue of  swaasthi (emoluments) not being paid due to successive transfer of ownership of land at Kendragaya from him to Manjeshwar temple. This attack caused devastating losses including breaking up of Brahma-Ratha.

,

  1.  

30-5-1799

Rajendra Tirtha (11th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) passed away at Tarawoor (Travancore Trivendrum, Kerala). Samadhi at Shri Narasimha Temple, Tarawoor
18th Century.
 
  1.  

1801*

Francis Buchanan (15.2.1762 15.6.1829), later known as Francis Hamilton, employed by Richard Colley Wellesley (1760-1842),  then governor-general of India from 1797-1805 appointed by East India Company,  for the purpose of examining the state of the country, visited Manjeshwar.

 

While speaking of the Konkanies of Manjeshwar (by characterising them as those migrated from Goa due to atrocities by Portuguese), he claimed that They are in flourishing circumstances, and I saw some of their marriage processions passing to-day, attended by a number of exceedingly well-dressed people and very handsome girls. This is revealed in his book ---  A Journey from Madras Through the Countries of Mysore, Canara, and Malabar, for the Express Purpose of Investigating the State of Agriculture, Arts and Commerce, the Religion, Manners, and Customs : The History, Natural, Civil and Antiquities  --- first published in 1807 by T. Cadell and W. Davies, London.

  1.  

1804*

Vibhudendra Tirtha (14th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) re-installed the idol of Shri Bhadra Narasimha at Manjeshwar temple. This was re-installation with considerable effort but not installation, as the idol was taken out to safer places (first to Kundadka, near Paane Mangalore, Bantwal Taluk and then to Karkal) in anticipation of the attacks by Narasimha Domba Hegde in 1799.

  1.  

1804

The idol of Veera Venkatesha installed on Rakthaakshi Samvatsara Jyeshta Shuddha Trayodashi in Mangalore Temple by Vibhudendra Tirtha (14th pontiff, Kashi Mutt). Click here for more details.

  1.  

15-3-1815

Sumatheendra Tirtha (15th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) initiated to Sanyasa

  1.  

20-5-1815

Sureendra Tirtha (12th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) installed the idol in Shri Venkatramana Temple at Kundapur

  1.  

6-6-1831

Sureendra Tirtha (12th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) passed away at Alleppey, Kerala at the age of 53.

  1.  

1833*

One Abbayya (perhaps Bhat and hailed from Kundapur)  initiated to sanyasa at Manjeshwar and renamed as Vasudendra Tirtha (16th pontiff of Kashi Mutt). This is the first of the two sanyasa deeksha ceremonies of Kashi Mutt consecrated at Manjeshwar.  In or about 1833 when Vibhudendra Tirtha (14th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) was camping at Manjeshwar the swamiji felt that his end was nearing and immediately sent for his shishya Sumatheendra Tirtha (15th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) who was then at Kochi. However Sumatheendra Tirtha could not come to Manjeshwar which  finally resulted initiation of Vasudendra Tirtha  as the second shishya of Vibhudendra Tirtha (14th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) who eventually succeeded as the 16th pontiff of  Kashi Mutt .

  1.  

27-3-1834*

Vibhudendra Tirtha (14th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) passed away at Manjeshwar at the age of 52.

  1.  

Nov/Dec 1834*

 First Brahma - Rathothsavam (Car-festival) of the newly built Ratha at Manjeshwar. The construction of this Ratha (which is the one existing today and hence the wood used is indeed over 200 years old) though started around 1800 took about 34 years to complete.  Mention must be made to definitely to note with dejection that the life span of Vibhudendra Tirtha (14th pontiff, Kashi Mutt -- who along with the community, led the renovation work of Manjeshwar temple soon after it was plundered by Narasimha Domba Hegde, Raja of Vittal, South Kanara in 1799) could not make it up to officiate this particular Shashti Ceremony of this newly built Brahma Rath. It was carried out by the hands of Sumatheendra Tirtha (15th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) on Margashira Shuddha Shashti.

  1.  

1837

Bhuvanendra Tirtha (17th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) born in Kamath family

  1.  

1849

Bhuvanendra Tirtha (17th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) initiated to Sanyasa

  1.  

31-3-1851

Sumatheendra Tirtha (15th pontiff, Kashi Mutt and first shishya of Vibhudendra Tirtha-14th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) passed away at Alleppey, Kerala. His shishya, Bhuvanendra Tirtha (17th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) was still then a minor of age 14 who then recognized  Vasudendra Tirtha (16th pontiff, Kashi Mutt and second shishya of Vibhudendra Tirtha-14th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) as his guru .

  1.  

16-5-1859*

Vasudendendra Tirtha  (16th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) passed away at Manjeshwar. Though Vasudendendra Tirtha didnt initiate anyone to sanyasa, it was always his desire to have his Vrindavan (samadhi) by the side of his Gurus Vrindavan. This very same desire was expressed by him before MANJESHWAR DEVDARSHAN and hence was assured of. Thus he passed away at Manjeshwar on Vaishaakha  Shuddha Poornima day (the last day uthsav of MANJESHWAR DEVDARSHAN before it was to get reinvoked during succeeding Shashti Ceremony)

  1.  

18-5-1864

Bhuvanendra Tirtha (17th pontiff, Kashi Mutt)  installed the idol in Hosdurg temple

  1.  

1866

Giri Mallya (later, Varadendra Tirtha - 18th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) born

  1.  

15-7-1874

Bhuvanendra Tirtha (17th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) reinstalled the idol in Kundapura Temple

  1.  

10-1-1876*

Bhuvanendra Tirtha (17th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) performed Sahasra Kumbhabhishekam at Manjeshwar temple

  1.  

6-6-1876*

Giri Mallya initiated to sanyasa and renamed as Varadendra Tirtha - 18th pontiff , Kashi Mutt) at Manjeshwar. This is the last of the two sanyasa deeksha ceremonies of Kashi Mutt consecrated at Manjeshwar

  1.  

1877

Reinstallation at Shri Venkatrmana Temple, Uppinangady by Purna Prajna Tirtha of Gokarna Mutt.

  1.  

26-11-1886

Bhuvanendra Tirtha (17th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) passed away at Basrur

  1.  

1888

Varadendra Tirtha (18th pontiff , Kashi Mutt) installed the idol of  Padmavathi at Karkal

  1.  

26-4-1896

Varadendra Tirtha (18th pontiff , Kashi Mutt) installed the idol Shri Lakshmi Venkatesha at Tenkapet, Udupi temple. However, the foundation stone was laid by his guru Bhuvanendra Tirtha (17th pontiff , Kashi Mutt)

  1.  

7-2-1897

Varadendra Tirtha  (18th pontiff , Kashi Mutt)  peformed the re-installation ceremony

  1.  

26-3-1897

Srinivasa Prabhu (later Sukratheendra Tirtha- 19th pontiff , Kashi Mutt) born

  1.  

27-3-1899

Varadendra Tirtha  (18th pontiff , Kashi Mutt)  installed the idol of Shri Venkatramana Temple at Puttur, South Kanara

  1.  

1912

Srinivasa Prabhu initiated to sanyasa on Shravana Shuddha Chaturthi, Paridhaavi Samvathsara at Trichi (Tiruchirapalli, Tamilnad) on the banks sacred river  Kaveri and renamed as Sukratheendra Tirtha (19th pontiff , Kashi Mutt)

  1.  

24-6-1914

Varadendra Tirtha  (18th pontiff , Kashi Mutt) passed away at Walkeshwar, Mumbai

  1.  

5-5-1919

Sukratheendra Tirtha (19th pontiff , Kashi Mutt) re-installed the idol in Shri Venkatramana Temple at Katapadi

  1.  

10-5-1919

Sukratheendra Tirtha (19th pontiff , Kashi Mutt) re-installed the idol Hosdurg temple.

  1.  

28-11-1919*

MANJESHWAR DEVDARSHAN orders in presence of Sukratheendra Tirtha (19th pontiff , Kashi Mutt) for the performance of  Sahasra Kumbhabhishekam

  1.  

Feb 1920*

Sukratheendra Tirtha (19th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) performed Sahasra Kumbhaabhishekam at Manjeshwar temple

  1.  

31-3-1926

Sadashiva Shenoy (later Sudhindra Tirtha - 20th pontiff , Kashi Mutt) born at Ernakulam, Kerala

  1.  

10-6-1935

Sukratheendra Tirtha installed the idols in Shri Ramanjaneya Temple at Vile Parle, Mumbai

  1.  

1936*

MANJESHWAR DEVDARSHAN stops on Chaithra Shuddha Poornima day not to get re-invoked till today

  1.  

14-2-1940

Sukratheendra Tirtha installed the idols in Shri Pattaabhi Ramachandra Temple in Koteshwar

  1.  

25-2-1942

Sukratheendra Tirtha  (19th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) installed the idols of  Shri Vitobha, Rukmini and Satyabhama at Sri Vitobha Temple, Mundkur founded by GSB community led by Lakshman Kamath.

  1.  

24-5-1944

Sadashiva Shenoy initiated to sanyasa and renamed as Sudheendra Tirtha (20th pontiff , Kashi Mutt) at Mulki, South Kanara.

  1.  

10-7-1949

Sukratheendra Tirtha passed away at Kochi, Kerala.

  1.  

1-2-1952

Sudheendra Tirtha (20th pontiff , Kashi Mutt) re-installed the idols in Gurupura temple

  1.  

20-5-1959

Sudheendra Tirtha (20th pontiff , Kashi Mutt) re-installed the idols in Kundapura temple

  1.  

1977*

Sudheendra Tirtha (20th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) performed Sahasra Kumbhabhishekam at Manjeshwar temple

Source:

  1. From our elders
  2. Manjeshwara by Ganapathi Rao Igal, 1924 (Kannada version)
  3. Kashi Matha Samsthanada Charithre by Ganapathi Rao Igal, 1936 (Kannada version)
  4. History of Kashi Mutt Samsthan by Prof. V. A. Shenoy, 1974
  5.  Shashti Sanchike by Rathnakar Kamath, 1933 (Kannada version)
  6. Manjeshwara Devasthana by Kasaragod Pattanshet Padmanabhaiyya,1935
  7. Manjeshwara Devasthana by National Poet Govinda Pai, 1937
  8. Manjeshwara Devasthana by Rathnakar Kamath, 1945  (Kannada version)
  9. Manjeshwara Devasthana by Talapady Vittappa Shenoy, 1966  (Kannada version)
  10. Anantha Darshana,1977 (Kannada version)

Srimad Anantheshwar Temple, Manjeshwar India 

Srimad Anantheshwar Temple Manjeshwar